See -ер on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-ür.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ар",
"roman": "-ar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-р",
"roman": "-r",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-с",
"roman": "-s",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form indefinite future tense."
],
"id": "en--ер-kk-suffix-RmmFqIJC",
"links": [
[
"indefinite",
"indefinite#English"
],
[
"future",
"future#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "16 72 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Kazakh entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 32 8 10 28 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "келу (kelüw, “to come”) + -ер (-er) → келер (keler, “which will come”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form future participles from verbs."
],
"id": "en--ер-kk-suffix-wIZqT-nQ",
"links": [
[
"future",
"future#English"
],
[
"participle",
"participle#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-er"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ар",
"roman": "-ar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-р",
"roman": "-r",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-с",
"roman": "-s",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "көк (kök, “blue”) + -ер (-er) → көгеру (kögeruw, “to turn blue”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "жақсы (jaqsı, “good, well”) + -ер (-er) → жақсару (jaqsaruw, “to become well”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs meaning \"to become (a given adjective)\""
],
"id": "en--ер-kk-suffix-awzmuZPF",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Russian internationalisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "5 17 5 53 13 2 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 21 4 43 19 2 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 3 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 26 3 35 24 1 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er"
],
"id": "en--ер-ru-suffix-XYp0WtXA",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-er"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From collective numerals suffix of Proto-Slavic *-er or *-or, which probably separated from stems of *četyr- /*četver- (*četvor-) /*četvьr- (чотири (čotyry)/четверо (četvero)/четвертий (četvertyj)) with further application to other numerals.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "8 32 8 10 28 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 7 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 18 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "63 16 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern c",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "67 20 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with і-е alternation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "п'ять (pʺjatʹ) + -ер (-er) → п'ятеро (pʺjatero)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to ordinal numerals to create a collective noun"
],
"id": "en--ер-uk-suffix-j1oueJ2G",
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[ ɛr]"
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ер",
"links": [
[
"-́ер",
"-ер#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́р",
"links": [
[
"-е́р",
"-ер#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-ér",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ери",
"links": [
[
"-́ери",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ри",
"links": [
[
"-е́ри",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ера",
"links": [
[
"-́ера",
"-ера#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ра",
"links": [
[
"-е́ра",
"-ера#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерів",
"links": [
[
"-́ерів",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eriv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рів",
"links": [
[
"-е́рів",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-ériv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерові",
"links": [
[
"-́ерові",
"-ерові#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́erovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́еру",
"links": [
[
"-́еру",
"-еру#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рові",
"links": [
[
"-е́рові",
"-ерові#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-érovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ру",
"links": [
[
"-е́ру",
"-еру#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерам",
"links": [
[
"-́ерам",
"-ерам#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рам",
"links": [
[
"-е́рам",
"-ерам#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ер",
"links": [
[
"-́ер",
"-ер#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ра",
"links": [
[
"-е́ра",
"-ера#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ери",
"links": [
[
"-́ери",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рів",
"links": [
[
"-е́рів",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-ériv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ером",
"links": [
[
"-́ером",
"-ером#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ром",
"links": [
[
"-е́ром",
"-ером#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-érom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерами",
"links": [
[
"-́ерами",
"-ерами#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eramy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рами",
"links": [
[
"-е́рами",
"-ерами#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éramy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ері",
"links": [
[
"-́ері",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рові",
"links": [
[
"-е́рові",
"-ерові#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-érovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рі",
"links": [
[
"-е́рі",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерах",
"links": [
[
"-́ерах",
"-ерах#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́erax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рах",
"links": [
[
"-е́рах",
"-ерах#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-érax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ере",
"links": [
[
"-́ере",
"-ере#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ре",
"links": [
[
"-е́ре",
"-ере#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-ére",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ери",
"links": [
[
"-́ери",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ри",
"links": [
[
"-е́ри",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er) m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((-́ер<>, -е́р<pr>))"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian neologisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian internationalisms",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ukrainian nouns with multiple stems",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ліфт (lift, “elevator”) + -ер (-er) → ліфтер (lifter, “liftboy, liftman”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, -er, masculine agent suffix mimicking similar in numerous languages"
],
"id": "en--ер-uk-suffix-6f6NbLpN",
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism): -er, -er, masculine agent suffix mimicking similar in numerous languages"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ор"
},
{
"word": "-атор"
},
{
"word": "-ар"
},
{
"word": "-ач"
},
{
"word": "-чик"
},
{
"word": "-ник"
},
{
"word": "-еник"
},
{
"word": "-щик"
},
{
"word": "-чик"
},
{
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"word": "-іст"
},
{
"word": "-їст"
},
{
"word": "-ік"
},
{
"word": "-їк"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neologism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[ ɛr]"
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*-tḗr<id:agent noun>",
"id": "agent",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ukrainian\", \"term\" : \"-ер\", \"lang\" : \"uk\" }\" data-id=\"agent\" data-lang=\"uk\" data-title=\"-ер\" id=\"Ukrainian:_agent\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*méh₂tēr",
"alt": "*méh₂tēr",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Separated from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”), *dʰugh₂tḗr (“daughter”), *ph₂tḗr (“father”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ер",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ері́",
"links": [
[
"-ері́",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ері",
"links": [
[
"-́ері",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ері́в",
"links": [
[
"-ері́в",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ері",
"links": [
[
"-́ері",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-еря́м",
"links": [
[
"-еря́м",
"-ерям#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erjám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ір",
"links": [
[
"-́ір",
"-ір#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ері́в",
"links": [
[
"-ері́в",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ір'ю",
"links": [
[
"-́ір'ю",
"-ір'ю#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́irʺju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-еря́ми",
"links": [
[
"-еря́ми",
"-ерями#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erjámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ері",
"links": [
[
"-́ері",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-еря́х",
"links": [
[
"-еря́х",
"-ерях#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erjáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ер",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ері́",
"links": [
[
"-ері́",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-́ір<F.c.pr.ie.nom:(-ер).voc:(-ер).genpliv>",
"title": "Declention of -ер in <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"uk\">мати</i> (maty)"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 32 8 10 28 4 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"affix appended in declension of мати (maty, “mother”)"
],
"id": "en--ер-uk-suffix-JOuZcnRg",
"links": [
[
"мати",
"мати#Ukrainian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[ ɛr]"
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kazakh entries with incorrect language header",
"Kazakh lemmas",
"Kazakh suffixes",
"Kazakh terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Kazakh terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-ür"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-ür",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-ür.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ар",
"roman": "-ar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-р",
"roman": "-r",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-с",
"roman": "-s",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"Used to form indefinite future tense."
],
"links": [
[
"indefinite",
"indefinite#English"
],
[
"future",
"future#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "келу (kelüw, “to come”) + -ер (-er) → келер (keler, “which will come”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Used to form future participles from verbs."
],
"links": [
[
"future",
"future#English"
],
[
"participle",
"participle#English"
],
[
"verb",
"verb#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"categories": [
"Kazakh entries with incorrect language header",
"Kazakh lemmas",
"Kazakh suffixes",
"Kazakh terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
"Kazakh terms inherited from Proto-Turkic",
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "trk-pro",
"3": "*-er"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *-er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Turkic *-er.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "-ар",
"roman": "-ar",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-р",
"roman": "-r",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "-с",
"roman": "-s",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Kazakh",
"lang_code": "kk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "көк (kök, “blue”) + -ер (-er) → көгеру (kögeruw, “to turn blue”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "жақсы (jaqsı, “good, well”) + -ер (-er) → жақсару (jaqsaruw, “to become well”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Forms verbs meaning \"to become (a given adjective)\""
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Russian entries with incorrect language header",
"Russian internationalisms",
"Russian lemmas",
"Russian noun-forming suffixes",
"Russian suffixes"
],
"glosses": [
"-er"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Ukrainian entries with etymon",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Ukrainian nouns with і-е alternation",
"Ukrainian suffixes",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Slavic",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form accent-c nouns",
"Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form nouns"
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "sla-pro",
"3": "*-er"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *-er",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From collective numerals suffix of Proto-Slavic *-er or *-or, which probably separated from stems of *četyr- /*četver- (*četvor-) /*četvьr- (чотири (čotyry)/четверо (četvero)/четвертий (četvertyj)) with further application to other numerals.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian links with redundant target parameters"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "п'ять (pʺjatʹ) + -ер (-er) → п'ятеро (pʺjatero)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Suffix appended to ordinal numerals to create a collective noun"
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[ ɛr]"
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Ukrainian entries with etymon",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian hard masculine-form accent-a nouns",
"Ukrainian hard masculine-form nouns",
"Ukrainian internationalisms",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian masculine suffixes",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern a",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Ukrainian nouns with multiple stems",
"Ukrainian nouns with і-е alternation",
"Ukrainian suffixes",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form accent-c nouns",
"Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form nouns"
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk"
},
"expansion": "Internationalism",
"name": "internationalism"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Internationalism.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-a",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ер",
"links": [
[
"-́ер",
"-ер#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́р",
"links": [
[
"-е́р",
"-ер#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-ér",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ери",
"links": [
[
"-́ери",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ри",
"links": [
[
"-е́ри",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ера",
"links": [
[
"-́ера",
"-ера#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́era",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ра",
"links": [
[
"-е́ра",
"-ера#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерів",
"links": [
[
"-́ерів",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eriv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рів",
"links": [
[
"-е́рів",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-ériv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерові",
"links": [
[
"-́ерові",
"-ерові#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́erovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́еру",
"links": [
[
"-́еру",
"-еру#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рові",
"links": [
[
"-е́рові",
"-ерові#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-érovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ру",
"links": [
[
"-е́ру",
"-еру#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éru",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерам",
"links": [
[
"-́ерам",
"-ерам#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рам",
"links": [
[
"-е́рам",
"-ерам#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ер",
"links": [
[
"-́ер",
"-ер#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ра",
"links": [
[
"-е́ра",
"-ера#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ери",
"links": [
[
"-́ери",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рів",
"links": [
[
"-е́рів",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-ériv",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ером",
"links": [
[
"-́ером",
"-ером#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́erom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ром",
"links": [
[
"-е́ром",
"-ером#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-érom",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерами",
"links": [
[
"-́ерами",
"-ерами#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eramy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рами",
"links": [
[
"-е́рами",
"-ерами#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éramy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ері",
"links": [
[
"-́ері",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рові",
"links": [
[
"-е́рові",
"-ерові#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-érovi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рі",
"links": [
[
"-е́рі",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ерах",
"links": [
[
"-́ерах",
"-ерах#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́erax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́рах",
"links": [
[
"-е́рах",
"-ерах#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-érax",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ере",
"links": [
[
"-́ере",
"-ере#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ere",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ре",
"links": [
[
"-е́ре",
"-ере#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-ére",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ери",
"links": [
[
"-́ери",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ery",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-е́ри",
"links": [
[
"-е́ри",
"-ери#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-éry",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er) m",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "((-́ер<>, -е́р<pr>))"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Ukrainian neologisms"
],
"examples": [
{
"text": "ліфт (lift, “elevator”) + -ер (-er) → ліфтер (lifter, “liftboy, liftman”)"
}
],
"glosses": [
"-er, -er, masculine agent suffix mimicking similar in numerous languages"
],
"links": [
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
],
[
"-er",
"-er#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(neologism): -er, -er, masculine agent suffix mimicking similar in numerous languages"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "-ор"
},
{
"word": "-атор"
},
{
"word": "-ар"
},
{
"word": "-ач"
},
{
"word": "-чик"
},
{
"word": "-ник"
},
{
"word": "-еник"
},
{
"word": "-щик"
},
{
"word": "-чик"
},
{
"word": "-тель"
},
{
"word": "-іст"
},
{
"word": "-їст"
},
{
"word": "-ік"
},
{
"word": "-їк"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"morpheme",
"neologism"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[ ɛr]"
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"Ukrainian entries with etymon",
"Ukrainian entries with incorrect language header",
"Ukrainian lemmas",
"Ukrainian nouns with accent pattern c",
"Ukrainian nouns with і-е alternation",
"Ukrainian suffixes",
"Ukrainian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ukrainian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Ukrainian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form accent-c nouns",
"Ukrainian third-declension feminine-form nouns"
],
"etymology_number": "3",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "ine-pro:*-tḗr<id:agent noun>",
"id": "agent",
"pos": "suffix",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ukrainian\", \"term\" : \"-ер\", \"lang\" : \"uk\" }\" data-id=\"agent\" data-lang=\"uk\" data-title=\"-ер\" id=\"Ukrainian:_agent\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*méh₂tēr",
"alt": "*méh₂tēr",
"t": "mother"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Separated from Proto-Indo-European *méh₂tēr (“mother”), *dʰugh₂tḗr (“daughter”), *ph₂tḗr (“father”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "-er",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "uk-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "accent-c",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "-ер",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ері́",
"links": [
[
"-ері́",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ері",
"links": [
[
"-́ері",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ері́в",
"links": [
[
"-ері́в",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ері",
"links": [
[
"-́ері",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-еря́м",
"links": [
[
"-еря́м",
"-ерям#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erjám",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ір",
"links": [
[
"-́ір",
"-ір#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́ir",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-ері́в",
"links": [
[
"-ері́в",
"-ерів#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erív",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ір'ю",
"links": [
[
"-́ір'ю",
"-ір'ю#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́irʺju",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-еря́ми",
"links": [
[
"-еря́ми",
"-ерями#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erjámy",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-́ері",
"links": [
[
"-́ері",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-́eri",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-еря́х",
"links": [
[
"-еря́х",
"-ерях#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erjáx",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-ер",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-er",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-ері́",
"links": [
[
"-ері́",
"-ері#Ukrainian"
]
],
"roman": "-erí",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "uk",
"2": "suffix"
},
"expansion": "-ер • (-er)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-́ір<F.c.pr.ie.nom:(-ер).voc:(-ер).genpliv>",
"title": "Declention of -ер in <i class=\"Cyrl mention\" lang=\"uk\">мати</i> (maty)"
},
"name": "uk-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"affix appended in declension of мати (maty, “mother”)"
],
"links": [
[
"мати",
"мати#Ukrainian"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "[ ɛr]"
}
],
"word": "-ер"
}
Download raw JSONL data for -ер meaning in All languages combined (16.1kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1896",
"msg": "Template nesting error: template_nesting = 1 couldn't split inflection templates, -ер/Ukrainian section declension",
"path": [
"-ер"
],
"section": "Ukrainian",
"subsection": "suffix",
"title": "-ер",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.